Quit now
Share
FANTASYLAND
The truth about vapingVaping dangers
JOIN US
The truth about vapingVaping dangers
A woman walking through Tobacco's Fantasyland

Welcome to Big Tobacco’s Fantasyland.

It’s paradise for the tobacco industry, where vapes are deemed safer – never mind the increased risk of stroke, and possibly lung cancer – and the deadliest industry can rebrand itself as your friend.12345678910767778798081

Photo with no alt text
Quick Quiz

The deadliest industry has some new health advice for you. Can you spot their latest deceptive claim?

Reality check: vaping

Big Tobacco twists the truth about vaping

Big Tobacco wants to sell us a future without smoking, where vapes are a “safer alternative.”123 But don’t fall for the illusion. When you can distinguish between their fantasy and reality, you can call the tobacco industry’s bluff – and end their deadly deception.

Man holding child crying
A black and white portrait of a man holding his child
Fantasy

The tobacco industry is working toward a “smoke-free” world.

See reality
Reality

“Smoke-free”? More like “truth-free.”

Big Tobacco has no intention of going extinct, so they market dangerous, addictive vapes as “smoke-free” alternatives, all while making six trillion cigarettes every year.18

Learn how the tobacco industry is hooking kids on vapes
Photo with no alt text
A black and white portrait of a woman wearing a jean jacket
Fantasy

Big Tobacco cares about the public’s health now.21

See reality
Reality

They sell deadly products and corrupt scientific research.11261

Even though vaping can increase the risk of deadly diseases, the tobacco industry funds studies that mislead us into thinking it’s healthier.145681314151622 One brand even paid a scientific journal to publish its pro-vaping “research.”323

See more lies from the tobacco industry
A portrait of a man with missing parts that's been replaced with smoke
A black and white portrait of a Asian man
Fantasy

Vaping is the best way to quit cigarettes.24

See reality
Reality

Vaping can also lead to “dual use,” which means people vape and smoke.252627 Using counseling and medication together gives you the best chance of quitting for good.28

Studies show that vapes make it less likely that you’ll quit nicotine.29 And for Big Tobacco, addiction equals profit.

Get help quitting smoking or vaping
A distorted portrait image of a young male
A black and white portrait of a young man
Fantasy

Nicotine helps you relax and focus.

See reality
Reality

Nicotine is brain poison and it can amplify anxiety and depression.19303132

Nicotine can magnify mood swings and irritability and permanently change the way connections form in the brain.3334 It can also interfere with attention and learning – nothing relaxing about that.33

See more ways that nicotine affects the brain

Thanks to Big Tobacco’s deliberate lies, there’s a lot of misinformation about vaping. Help spread the truth.

Vaping dangers

Vaping is a nightmare for your body and brain.456891035

“Smoke-free” doesn’t mean harm-free. In fact, it’s an all-out assault: Vapes put you at increased risk for lung and heart disease, and dying from strokes at a younger age, and may increase your risk of lung cancer.45678101314161836374142767778798081

Explore the health risks of vaping
Vaping is a nightmare for your body and brain.[4][5][6][8][9][10][35]
Nicotine permanently damages your brain and can increase anxiety, depression, and mood swings.193031323334
Vaping increases your risk of stroke, making you more likely to die of one at a younger age.91036373
Vaping makes gum inflammation and disease more likely – and it can cause bad breath.3940
Vaping increases the risk of developing respiratory diseases, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and bronchitis.4175
Vaping may increase your risk of lung cancer.45678767778798081
People who vape daily are more likely to have had a heart attack than people who don’t smoke.42
Long-term vaping can damage blood vessels, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.43
E-cigarettes have been linked to bladder cancer.4445
“

My son was sold vape pens and juice when he was 15 at a local store. They know that getting kids hooked makes life-long customers.”

Mom — Santa Clarita
“

It’s a cover-up for the tobacco industry.”

Resident — Antioch
“

We don’t need alternatives for nicotine addiction.”

Resident — Los Angeles
Featured article

Big Tobacco’s fantasy is a nightmare for us all

Big Tobacco wants to profit off solving the deadly smoking epidemic they created.

Learn the truth about Big Tobacco’s latest rebrand
A man carrying his daughter over his shoulders
Hold the industry accountable

We’re not falling for it.

Big Tobacco’s Fantasyland is a nightmare for us all. We’re leading the fight to protect Californians from their dangerous deceptions, and you can help by raising your voice.

Give or get help quitting
Kick It California has resources, strategies, and coaches so you can support a loved one or start your own quitting journey.
Visit Kick It CA
Follow us
Facebook
Instagram
Youtube

Content Spotlight

Learn more about the tobacco industry’s damage

The tobacco industry currently spends billions each year on slick marketing tactics and political influence so they can profit off death and disease.6582
Even for people who don’t use tobacco, there can be deadly consequences.66
The industry calls kids their “replacement customers.”67 Big Tobacco sentences them to a lifetime of addiction and disease.
This racist and unjust industry has strategically targeted certain communities with deadly products and manipulative messaging.68
No one’s safe from the environmental damage and health risks from toxic tobacco waste and its plastic pollution.55697071727374
  1. Pisinger C, Godtfredsen N, Bender AM. A conflict of interest is strongly associated with tobacco industry–favourable results, indicating no harm of e-cigarettes. Preventive Medicine. 2019;119:124-131. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.011
  2. Wong ET, Szostak J, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Lavrynenko O, et al. A 6-month inhalation toxicology study in Apoe-/- mice demonstrates substantially lower effects of e-vapor aerosol compared with cigarette smoke in the respiratory tract. Arch Toxicol. 2021;95(5):1805-1829. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03020-4.
  3. Shiffman S, Augustson EM. Introduction to the Special Issue on JUUL Use. Am J Health Behav. 2021;45(3):397-401. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.45.3.1.
  4. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Eaton DL, Kwan LY, Stratton K, editors. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2018 Jan 23. 10, Cancers. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507174/
  5. The Impact of E-Cigarettes on the Lung. American Lung Association. Published February 24, 2020. Updated May 31, 2023. Accessed August 15, 2023. https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/e-cigarettes-vaping/impact-of-e-cigarettes-on-lung
  6. Bein K, Leikauf GD. Acrolein - a pulmonary hazard. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011;55(9):1342-1360. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100279
  7. Hikisz P, Jacenik D. The tobacco smoke component, acrolein, as a major culprit in lung diseases and respiratory cancers: molecular mechanisms of acrolein cytotoxic activity. Cells. 2023;12(6):879. doi:10.3390/cells12060879
  8. Bracken-Clarke D, Kapoor D, Baird AM, Buchanan PJ, Gately K, Cuffe S, Finn SP. Vaping and lung cancer - A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer. 2021;153:11-20. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030.
  9. Patel U, Patel N, Khurana M, et al. Effect Comparison of E-Cigarette and Traditional Smoking and Association with Stroke—A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES. Neurol Int.. 2022;14(2):441-452. doi:10.3390/neurolint14020037
  10. Poisson SN, Glidden D, Johnston SC, Fullerton HJ. Deaths from stroke in US young adults, 1989-2009. Neurology. 2014;83(23):2110-2115. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001042
  11. Health Effects of Tobacco Use. FDA. Published August 29, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/public-health-education/health-effects-tobacco-use
  12. World Health Organization. Tobacco. www.who.int. https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/tobacco#tab=tab_1. Accessed August 25, 2023
  13. Tsai M, Byun MK, Shin J, Crotty Alexander LE. Effects of e-cigarettes and vaping devices on cardiac and pulmonary physiology. J Physiol. 2020 Nov;598(22):5039-5062. doi: 10.1113/JP279754. Epub 2020 Oct 12. PMID: 32975834.
  14. Berlowitz JB, Xie W, Harlow AF, Hamburg NM, Blaha MJ, Bhatnagar A, Benjamin EJ, Stokes AC. E-Cigarette Use and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis of the PATH Study (2013-2019). Circulation. 2022 May 17;145(20):1557-1559. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057369
  15. Abbasi J. The American Heart Association Takes on Vaping. JAMA. 2020 Jan 21;323(3):205-206. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.20781. PMID: 31899479
  16. Wang Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Chen S, Fu G, Fu J. Association between electronic cigarettes use and whole blood cell among adults in the USA—a cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.2022;29(59):88531-88539. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21973-6
  17. Pierce JP, Chen R, Leas EC, White MM, Kealey S, Stone MD, Benmarhnia T, Trinidad DR, Strong DR, Messer K. Use of E-cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products and Progression to Daily Cigarette Smoking. Pediatrics. 2021;147(2):e2020025122. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-025122.
  18. Novotny TE, Slaughter E. Tobacco Product Waste: An Environmental Approach to Reduce Tobacco Consumption. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2014;1(3):208-216. Published 2014 May 6. doi:10.1007/s40572-014-0016-x
  19. Becker TD, Arnold MK, Ro V, Martin L, Rice TR. Systematic Review of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) and Mental Health Comorbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Feb 16;23(3):415-425. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa171
  20. Food and Drug Administration. Nicotine Is Why Tobacco Products Are Addictive. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-effects-tobacco-use/nicotine-why-tobacco-products-are-addictive. Accessed August 13, 2023.
  21. Truth Initiative. Spinning a new tobacco industry: How Big Tobacco is trying to sell a do-gooder image and what Americans think about it. Published December 20, 2019. Accessed March 10, 2022. https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/tobacco-industry-marketing/spinning-new-tobacco-industry-how-big-tobacco-trying.
  22. New study shows e-cigarette’s disease risk-reduction potential. Published March 13, 2019. Accessed November 11, 2022. https://www.pmi.com/our-science/six-month-apoe-vapor-study
  23. Torjesen I. Academic journal is criticised for publishing special issue funded by tobacco industry. BMJ. 2021;373:n1247. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1247.
  24. Maloney C, Jordan J, Subcommittee staff. Update on the Subcommittee’s E-Cigarette Investigation. https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO05/20210623/112808/HHRG-117-GO05-Transcript-20210623.pdf Published February 5, 2020. Accessed August 15, 2023.
  25. Nagel C, Hugueley B, Cui Y, Nunez DM, Kuo T, Kuo AA. Predictors of Dual E-Cigarette and Cigarette Use. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2022 May-Jun 01;28(3):243-247. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001491.
  26. Dewhirst T. Co-optation of harm reduction by Big Tobacco. Tob Control. 2021;30(e1):e1-e3. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056059.
  27. "Kelly BC, Vuolo M, Maggs J, Staff J. E-cigarette use among early adolescent tobacco cigarette smokers: testing the disruption and entrenchment hypotheses in two longitudinal cohorts. Tob Control. 2023;18:tc-2022-057717. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057717. "
  28. How to Quit | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved August 28, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit_smoking/how_to_quit/index.htm
  29. Hanewinkel R, Niederberger K, Pedersen A, Unger JB, Galimov A. E-cigarettes and nicotine abstinence: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(163):210215. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0215-2021.
  30. " Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. Nicotine modulation of fear memories and anxiety: Implications for learning and anxiety disorders. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015;97(4):498-511. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.029.. "
  31. Benowitz NL. Nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 17;362(24):2295-303. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0809890.
  32. " Lechner WV, Janssen T, Kahler CW, Audrain-McGovern J, Leventhal AM. Bi-directional associations of electronic and combustible cigarette use onset patterns with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Prev Med. 2017;96:73-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.034.. "
  33. " U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2016. "
  34. " Hughes JR. Effects of abstinence from tobacco: Valid symptoms and time course. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9(3):315-327. doi:10.1080/14622200701188919. "
  35. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Surgeon General. (2018). Surgeon General’s advisory on e-cigarette use among youth. Retrieved from https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/surgeon-generals-advisory-on-e-cigarette-use-among-youth-2018.pdf
  36. Samson K. Higher Mortality for Young Stroke Survivors. Neurology Today. 2013;13(9):19-20. doi: 10.1097/01.nt.0000430536.58483.d2
  37. Rutten-Jacobs LC, Arntz RM, Maaijwee NA, et al. Long-term mortality after stroke among adults aged 18 to 50 years. JAMA. 2013;309(11):1136-1144. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.842
  38. Cardenas HL, Evanoff NG, Fandl HK, et al. Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles associated with electronic cigarette use impair cerebral microvascular cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023;135(2):271-278. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00243.2023
  39. Pushalkar S, Paul B, Li Q, et al. Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Modulates the Oral Microbiome and Increases Risk of Infection. iScience. 2020;23(3):100884. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100884.
  40. Halitosis (Bad Breath) | Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved August 24, 2023, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/halitosis-bad-breath
  41. Bhatta DN, Glantz SA. Association of E-Cigarette Use With Respiratory Disease Among Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58(2):182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.028.
  42. Alzahrani, T., Pena, I., Temesgen, N., & Glantz, S. A. (2018). Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55(4), 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2018.05.004
  43. Mohammadi L, Han DD, Xu F, et al. Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022;42(11):1333-1350. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.317749.
  44. Bjurlin MA, Matulewicz RS, Roberts TR, et al. Carcinogen biomarkers in the urine of electronic cigarette users and implications for the development of bladder cancer: a systematic review. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021;4(5):766-783. doi:10.1016/j.euo.2020.02.004
  45. Molony RD, Wu CH, Lee YF. E-liquid exposure induces bladder cancer cells to release extracellular vesicles that promote non-malignant urothelial cell transformation. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):142. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27165-z
  46. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(2):133–139. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859
  47. Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57987.
  48. Sleiman M, Logue JM, Montesinos VN, et al. Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 2016 Sep 6;50(17):9644-51. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01741
  49. The toll of tobacco in California. Campaign for Tobacco Fee Kids. Last updated May 2, 2023. Accessed August 12, 2023. https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/problem/toll-us/california
  50. Diseases and Death. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed August 15, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/diseases-and-death.html
  51. Hendlin YH. Alert: Public Health Implications of Electronic Cigarette Waste. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(11):1489-1490. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304699.
  52. Hendlin YH. E-cigarettes and a new threat: How to dispose of them [blog]. The Conversation. Published October 23, 2018. Accessed July 7, 2020. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/e-cigarettes-and-new-threat-how-dispose-them
  53. Fowles J, Barreau T, Wu N. Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Concerns from Metals in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2146. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062146.
  54. Forster M. What Happens When You Throw Away E-Cigarettes? Waste Management Magazine. Published November 21, 2018. Accessed July 8, 2020. https://wasteadvantagemag.com/what-happens-when-you-throw-away-e-cigarettes/
  55. Belzagui F, Buscio V, Gutiérrez-Bouzán C, Vilaseca M. Cigarette butts as a microfiber source with a microplastic level of concern. Science of The Total Environment. 2021;762:144165. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144165.
  56. Zafeiridou M, Hopkinson NS, Voulvoulis N. Cigarette smoking: an assessment of tobacco’s global environmental footprint across its entire supply chain. Environ Sci Technol. 2018;52(15):8087-8094. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b01533
  57. Chia RW, Lee JY, Lee M, Lee GS, Jeong CD. Role of soil microplastic pollution in climate change. Sci Total Environ. 2023;887:164112. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164112
  58. United States of America v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 449 F Supp 2d 1 (DC Cir 2006)
  59. Page MK, Paul EE, Leigh NJ, et al. Still ‘Cool’: tobacco industry responds to state-wide menthol ban with synthetic coolants. Tob Control. July 2023:tc-2023-058149. doi:10.1136/tc-2023-058149
  60. O’Connor R, Schneller LM, Felicione NJ, Talhout R, Goniewicz ML, Ashley DL. Evolution of tobacco products: recent history and future directions. Tob Control. 2022;31(2):175-182. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056544
  61. Health Effects of Tobacco Use. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Published August 29, 2021. Updated March 23, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2023. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/public-health-education/health-effects-tobacco-use
  62. " Tobacco. World Health Organization. Accessed August 7, 2023. https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/tobacco "
  63. Federal Trade Commission. Cigarette Report for 2021. Accessed August 15, 2023. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/p114508cigarettereport2021.pdf
  64. Ali FRM, Marynak KL, Kim Y, et al. E-cigarette advertising expenditures in the United States, 2014–2018. Tob Control. 2020;29(e1): e124-e126. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055424
  65. OpenSecrets. Industry Profile: Tobacco. Opensecrets.org. https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/industries/summary?cycle=2021&id=A02. Accessed March 16, 2022.
  66. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the surgeon general. Office of Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published 2006. Accessed July 10, 2024. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/research/apr/reports/l4000a.pdf
  67. UCSF Industry Documents Library. Younger adult smokers: strategies and opportunities. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Published February 29, 1984. Accessed July 10, 2024. https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rkvk0045
  68. Anderson SJ. Marketing of menthol cigarettes and consumer perceptions: a review of tobacco industry documents. Tob Control. 2011;20(Suppl_2):ii20-ii28. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.041939.
  69. Break Free From Plastic. Branded Vol. III Demanding corporate accountability for plastic pollution. Brand Audit 2020. Published 2020. Accessed July 10, 2024. https://brandaudit.breakfreefromplastic.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/BFFP-Brand-Audit-Report-2020.pdf.
  70. Poma A, Vecchiotti G, Colafarina S, et al. In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on the Human Fibroblast Hs27 Cell Line. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019;9(9):1299. Published 2019 Sep 11. doi:10.3390/nano9091299.
  71. Zarus GM, Muianga C, Hunter CM, Pappas RS. A review of data for quantifying human exposures to micro and nanoplastics and potential health risks. Sci Total Environ. 2021;756:144010. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144010.
  72. Jacob H, Besson M, Swarzenski PW, Lecchini D, Metian M. Effects of Virgin Micro- and Nanoplastics on Fish: Trends, Meta-Analysis, and Perspectives. Environ Sci Technol. 2020;54(8):4733-4745. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05995
  73. Ziv-Gal A, Flaws JA. Evidence for bisphenol A-induced female infertility: a review (2007-2016). Fertil Steril. 2016;106(4):827-856. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.06.027.
  74. Campanale C, Massarelli C, Savino I, Locaputo V, Uricchio VF. A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1212. doi:10.3390/ijerph17041212.
  75. Osei, A.D., Mirbolouk, M., Orimoloye, O.A. et al. The association between e-cigarette use and asthma among never combustible cigarette smokers: behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) 2016 & 2017. BMC Pulm Med 19, 180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0950-3
  76. Fowles J, Barreau T, Wu N. Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Concerns from Metals in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(6):2146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062146
  77. Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(18):4525. Published 2023 Sep 12. doi:10.3390/cancers15184525 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10526315/
  78. Gotts JE, Jordt SE, McConnell R, Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? BMJ. 2019;366:l5275. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5275.
  79. Auschwitz E, Almeda J, Andl CD. Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage. Cells. 2023;12(21):2552. doi: 10.3390/cells12212552.
  80. Tommasi S, Blumenfeld H, Besaratinia A. Vaping Dose, Device Type, and E-Liquid Flavor are Determinants of DNA Damage in Electronic Cigarette Users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(6):1145-1154. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad003.
  81. Shields PG, Berman M, Brasky TM, et al. A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(8):1175-1191. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0358
  82. Federal Trade Commission. Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Report for 2020. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission. October, 2021. Accessed July 10, 2024. https://www.ftc.gov/reports/federal-trade-commission-cigarette-report-2020-smokeless-tobacco-report-2020