立即戒煙
影響、操控及欺騙

經濟與煙草商

發佈於 Jan 15, 2025
Photo with no alt text

終結煙草商所造成的廣泛危害,不僅對我們的健康有正面影響,對加州的經濟也大有裨益。儘管煙草商聲稱企業和社區需要他們的產品來實現經濟利益,但研究顯示,這些說法,不過是他們為了自身利益而持續操控、犧牲加州人健康的伎倆。12

事實是,加州的經濟完全可以在沒有煙草商的情況下運作,而且這一現象正在逐步實現。34 加州已有兩個社區完全停止了煙草產品的銷售。34 加州更是全美第二個終結銷售危險口味煙草產品的地方。這些產品包括薄荷香煙和各種口味電子煙。5 對加州而言,結果如何呢?2023年,加州電子煙總銷售量下降了41%,香煙銷售總量減少了16%。67

終結煙草商的危害會損害經濟嗎?

不會。事實上,煙草商的產品給所有加州人帶來了沉重的代價。從他們造成的成癮和疾病8 到因為過早離世而帶來失去致親的痛苦,對我們的社區和家庭都造成了深遠且昂貴的影響。

研究發現,加州每年因煙草相關的醫療費用支出高達154億美元。9 這意味著每位加州居民每年平均分攤近400美元的費用,無論他們是否使用煙草產品。9

相比之下,2022-23財年,加州的煙草稅收入約為17億美元。10

很明顯,煙草造成的代價遠遠超過了稅收收入。

Photo with no alt text

終結煙草商的危害會如何影響依賴煙草稅收入的項目?

煙草稅收入與煙草產品的銷售數量直接相關,因此,隨著加州煙草使用率的下降,這些產品的稅收入也隨之減少。隨著煙草使用率的不斷降低,加州的煙草稅收入已呈現下降趨勢。101112 稅收減少意味著像First 5 California這類依賴稅收的組織將面臨資源不足的挑戰。這些組織已經在積極規劃轉變資金來源,尋求更可持續的資助方式,以確保能繼續為加州居民提供重要服務。1314

Photo with no alt text

終結煙草商的危害會讓零售商倒閉嗎?

儘管煙草業散布了「煙草產品是零售商生存之本」的迷思,但研究顯示,煙草產品並非零售商生存的必要條件。15 事實上,香煙在便利店商品中的利潤率最低,而煙草收入僅佔零售商總銷售的一小部分。1617

在多個禁止銷售口味煙草產品的州,數據顯示零售店的數量、員工人數以及工資水平均未出現顯著下降。16

目前,加州有超過29,000家零售商銷售煙草產品,數量遠超星巴克或麥當勞。181920 事實上,煙草零售商的數量幾乎是星巴克的十倍。1820 憑藉如此龐大的數量,零售商可以選擇重視鄰里的健康,而非煙草利潤,從而促進社區的健康發展。

Photo with no alt text

是否有成功不銷售煙草產品的商業案例?

有。一些零售商已成功停止銷售煙草產品,轉型為銷售其他消費品和食品,這些商品隨著時間能帶來更多收益。2122 加州已有不少成功案例,當地商業組織、政府機構和社區組織也積極支持零售商完成轉型,幫助他們將社區健康置於煙草商利潤之上。2324

Photo with no alt text

「我不賣電子煙。那種醜惡的東西就算有再多的利潤也不值得。」

Maria
洛杉磯,加州

一名便利店店主通過拒絕銷售電子煙來保護她的家人和社區

Four Corners Market位於加州Modoc莫多克縣Alturas市,一個只有2,715名居民的小社區,該店已經超過35年沒有銷售任何煙草產品。24 自1987年以來,這家店一直是家族經營,成功的秘訣在於專注於預製食品、新鮮農產品以及便於使用EBT購買的食品。

店主Bill Hall表示,自1989年起,他們就不再銷售煙草產品。儘管「店鋪面積只有1,100平方英尺,只有兩名收銀員,但銷售額一直在穩步增長,每年達到約350萬美元。」建立忠實的顧客群、營造家庭友好的購物環境,以及確保顧客能找到他們需要的商品,是Four Corners Market成功的關鍵。24

終結煙草商的危害會引發非法煙草市場嗎?

煙草業經常談論非法市場的威脅,以削弱公共健康措施的推進。他們誇大了非法市場的規模估算,並將責任歸咎於煙草防控政策。事實上,非法市場的問題幾乎總是比煙草商聲稱的要小得多(英文網頁)。25 此外,煙草公司本身亦經常參與他們口中所抱怨的非法市場活動。2526

在考慮假設中的非法煙草市場時,我們必須權衡假設與現實之間的差距。現實是,煙草對我們家庭和社區造成的毀滅性影響遠遠超過了假設中非法煙草市場的威脅。因此,這並不是反對保護公眾健康的合理理由。27

加州為減輕煙草商造成的危害和經濟負擔已經採取了哪些措施?

由於煙草影響到我們所有人,而不僅僅是那些被煙草商引誘成癮的人,加州的領導層展示了一種全面的應對方式,包括社區參與、成癮干預、研究以及具有影響力的公共教育活動,這些措施旨在改變對煙草的社會認知。這種綜合方法的效果遠遠超過僅僅專注於幫助吸煙者戒煙的策略。28

自UNDO計劃啟動以來,已經挽救了超過一百萬條生命29303132 如今,加州的青少年電子煙使用率是全美最低,成年吸煙率在過去三十年間下降了超過百分之六十,使加州的成年吸煙率在全美排名第三低。1233

自UNDO計劃開始以來,我們為納稅人節省了驚人的五千億美元醫療成本。而且,每投入一美元於煙草控制與預防,加州的醫療成本就減少了二百三十一美元。34

加州已證明,即使不依賴煙草產品銷售,也能成功保持並促進社區商業的活力與經濟,而這一現象正逐步實現。34

我們的使命

作為加州公共衛生部的一項計劃,UNDO是領先全美的公共衛生計劃之一,致力於終結煙草商在加州造成的致命危害擴散

  1. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Debunking Tobacco Industry Misinformation. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.agora-parl.org/sites/default/files/tobacco_mythbusters.pdf
  2. Warner KE. The economics of tobacco: myths and realities. Tob Control. 2000;9(1):78-89. doi:10.1136/tc.9.1.78
  3. Beverly Hills City Ordinance No. 19-O-2783. June 2019. Accessed June 2024. https://www.beverlyhills.org/DocumentCenter/View/814/Ordinance-No-19-O-2783-PDF
  4. Manhattan Beach, Cal. Ordinance No. 20-0007. February 18, 2020. Accessed October 3, 2024. https://www.manhattanbeach.gov/home/showdocument?id=41659
  5. Flavored tobacco products 2020. Senate Bill No. 793. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB793
  6. CDC Foundation. (2023). Monitoring U.S. E-Cigarette Sales: State Trends Data Brief. Issue 11, September 2023. Accessed July 10, 2024. https://www.cdcfoundation.org/QuarterlyE-CigaretteSalesDataBrief_9.10.2023.pdf?inline
  7. CDC Foundation. (2023). Changes in US and state cigarette sales following flavored tobacco sales restrictions (2018-2023). Data Brief. Published October 2023. Accessed July 10, 2024. https://www.cdcfoundation.org/CigaretteDataBrief-24.01.18.pdf?inlinE
  8. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking - 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
  9. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. The toll of tobacco in California. Updated August 16, 2024. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/problem/toll-us/california
  10. California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. Cigarette and Tobacco Revenue (Table 30A). Updated June 27, 2024. Accessed July 2, 2024. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/DataPortal/dataset.htm?url=CigTaxSurTaxRev
  11. California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. Cigarette and Tobacco Distribution and Consumption (Table 30B). Updated October 13, 2023. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/DataPortal/dataset.htm?url=CigTaxDistPerCapCon
  12. California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Prevention Program. California Tobacco Facts and Figures 2024. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Public Health; Published May 2024. Accessed August 13, 2024.
  13. California’s First 5 Leaders at State Capitol Advocating for Early Childhood Investments Amidst Tobacco Tax Revenue Decline. News Release. First 5 Association. February 7, 2024. Accessed June 13, 2024. https://first5association.org/2024/02/07/californias-first-5-leaders-at-state-capitol-advocating-for-early-childhood-investments-amidst-tobacco-tax-revenue-decline/
  14. How fewer people smoking in California is hurting programs that keeps kids healthy. CBSNews.com/Sacramento. February 7, 2024. Accessed June 13, 2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/how-fewer-people-smoking-in-california-is-hurting-programs-that-keeps-kids-healthy/
  15. Action on Smoking and Health. Counter Arguments: How Important is Tobacco to Small Retailers? London, UK: Action on Smoking and Health; 2016 October 2016.
  16. Tauras, J.A. & Chaloupka, F.J. (2023). The Economic Effects of Cigarette Sales and Flavor Bans on Tobacco Retail Businesses. Tobacconomics. Accessed August 14, 2024. https://www.tobacconomics.org/files/research/865/final-report-cigarette-sales-flavor-bans-and-business-05.23.23-md.pdf
  17. Lawman HG, Dolatshahi J, Mallya G, et al. Characteristics of tobacco purchases in urban corner stores. Tob Control. 2018;27(5):592-595. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053815
  18. California Department of Public Health. California Tobacco Facts and Figures 2024. 2024. Accessed January 6, 2025. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/FactsandFigures/CaliforniaTobaccoFactsAndFigures_2024.pdf
  19. The McDonald’s System’s Billion Dollar Impact: California. McDonald’s. Published March 30, 2023. Accessed October 15, 2024. https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/content/dam/sites/corp/nfl/newsroom/McDonalds_Impact_CA.pdf
  20. Starbucks Statistics, Facts, & Market Shares (2024 Report). Cafely. Published July 22, 2024. Accessed October 15, 2024. https://cafely.com/blogs/research/starbucks-statistics#starbucks-facts-behind-the-brand
  21. McDaniel PA, Malone RE. "People over profits": retailers who voluntarily ended tobacco sales. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85751. Published 2014 Jan 22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085751
  22. CounterTobacco.org. Rebutting Economic Arguments Against POS. October 9, 2024. Accessed October 15, 2024. https://countertobacco.org/resources-tools/evidence-summaries/rebutting-economic-arguments-against-pos/#:~:text=However%2C%20it%20is%20important%20to,of%20profits%20were%20from%20tobacco
  23. About Healthy Retail SF. Healthy Retail SF. Accessed October 15, 2024. https://www.healthyretailsf.org/programs
  24. Human Response Network Tobacco Free Trinity. Resources for Retailers. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.tobaccofreetrinity.org/_files/ugd/295b32_3b53f6e728a94ca59bb66891687553fe.pdf
  25. Gallagher AWA, Evans-Reeves KA, Hatchard JL, Gilmore AB. Tobacco industry data on illicit tobacco trade: a systematic review of existing assessments. Tob Control. 2019;28(3):334-345. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054295
  26. Collin J, LeGresley E, MacKenzie R, Lawrence S, Lee K. Complicity in contraband: British American Tobacco and cigarette smuggling in Asia. Tob Control. 2004;13(suppl 2):ii104-ii111. doi:10.1136/tc.2004.009357
  27. The Tobacco Atlas. Illicit Trade. Last updated March 29, 2023. Accessed August 19, 2024. https://tobaccoatlas.org/challenges/illicit-trade/
  28. California Department of Health Services. Model for Change: The California Experience in Tobacco Control. California Tobacco Prevention Program. Published October 1998. Accessed May 23, 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Policy/SocialNormChange/CTCPmodelforchange1998.pdf
  29. California's award-winning tobacco control program marks its 20th anniversary. News release. California Department of Public Health; April 7, 2009. https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2009/04/07/1184068/0/en/California-s-Award-Winning-Tobacco-Control-Program-Marks-Its-20th-Anniversary.html
  30. United Health Foundation. America's Health Rankings Analysis of CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. AmericasHealthRankings.org. Accessed May 17, 2024. https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/measures/Smoking/CA
  31. U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000 Summary File 2. Accessed October 4, 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDPSF22000.DP1
  32. U.S. Census Bureau. 2020 Census Demographic Profile. Accessed October 4, 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1
  33. Neuling H. Key state-specific tobacco-related data & rankings. Updated January 3, 2024. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/factsheets/0176.pdf
  34. Lightwood JM, Anderson S, Glantz SA. Smoking and healthcare expenditure reductions associated with the California Tobacco Control Program, 1989 to 2019: A predictive validation. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0263579. Published 2023 Mar 16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263579

按主題探索

煙草商目前耗資數十億美元在狡詐的營銷策略及政治影響力上,即使造成死亡與疾病也要獲利。
了解詳情
即使對於不使用煙草的人,也可能產生致命的後果。
了解詳情
煙草商稱孩子們為「替代客戶」, 而大煙草商更判處他們終生成癮與疾病。
了解詳情
具有種族主義的煙草商,策略性地以特定社區為目標,提供致命的產品及操控性的信息。
了解詳情
有毒煙草廢棄物及塑料污染所帶來的環境破壞與健康風險,無人能免受其害。
了解詳情
Photo with no alt text

追究煙草商責任

加州已在保護大眾避免受到其他有害產品的侵害,現在正是該以同樣標準對待煙草商的時候!