Tại sao vape không phải là chọn lựa thay thế hút thuốc an toàn
Ngành công nghiệp tử thần đang cố gắng đánh bóng thương hiệu để gần gũi với chúng ta, tiếp thị bản thân họ như giải pháp cho chính vấn đề mà họ tạo ra – đại dịch hút thuốc – bằng cách mua hoặc đầu tư vào các công ty vape và công ty dược phẩm, đồng thời phát triển các sản phẩm thuốc lá thế hệ tiếp theo để đa dạng hóa danh mục đầu tư của họ. 1234 Mục đích thực sự của họ: khiến người ta nghiện và thu hút giới trẻ làm khách hàng “thay thế”.5
Hậu quả của việc tiếp thị lươn lẹo của ngành thuốc lá làm những người dân California như bạn có rất nhiều câu hỏi về vape.6 Dưới đây là câu trả lời cho một số câu hỏi thường gặp.
Vaping ảnh hưởng cơ thể con người như thế nào?
Từ não đến tim và phổi, thuốc lá điện tử có khả năng tàn phá sức khỏe con người. Hãy chia câu chuyện ra thành từng phần nhỏ, bắt đầu từ đầu:
Bộ não: Nicotine vĩnh viễn điều chỉnh lại bộ não khiến nó có nhiều nguy cơ nghiện các chất khác — điều này đặc biệt đúng đối với trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên.10 Vaping cũng làm tăng nguy cơ bị đột quỵ.18 Những người sử dụng vape có nhiều khả năng bị đột quỵ thậm chí còn trẻ hơn cả những người hút thuốc lá. Những người sống sót sau cơn đột quỵ có nguy cơ tử vong sớm cao hơn đáng kể.192021
Khắc phục thiệt hại
Vape đóng vai chính trong kế hoạch lươn lẹo, gây nghiện và kéo dài lợi nhuận của ngành thuốc lá.6667 Giúp người dân California bỏ thuốc lá điện tử giúp chúng ta tiến một bước gần hơn đến việc chấm dứt dịch bệnh của ngành thuốc lá.
Cách tốt nhất để khắc phục thiệt hại của ngành thuốc lá là giúp những người nghiện cai thuốc lá và ngăn cản họ từ lúc bắt đầu. Hãy ghé ASQ Trung Tâm Cai Thuốc Lá Dành Cho Người Việt để được hậu thuẫn cai thuốc cho người thành niên. Xem hướng dẫn của chúng tôi cho các mẹo hỗ trợ cai thuốc lá giúp thanh niên cai vape và các sản phẩm thuốc lá khác (trang tiếng Anh), trong đó bao gồm các tài nguyên cai thuốc lá hiện có dành cho thanh thiếu niên cũng như cách tiếp cận các dịch vụ.
- Tobacco Tactics. Newer Nicotine and Tobacco Products. Published July 17, 2023. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://tobaccotactics.org/article/newer-nicotine-and-tobacco-products/#:~:text=Since%20the%20early%202000s%20transnational,)%2C%20snus%20and%20nicotine%20pouches.
- Sy, D. Big Tobacco’s Investments in and Acquisitions of Pharmaceutical Companies. ExposeTobacco.org. February 2022. https://exposetobacco.org/wp-content/uploads/STOP-Pharma-Brief-3.15.22.pdf
- Sy D. Tobacco industry's 'wellness' tactic: Ethical dilemma and solutions. Tob Prev Cessat. 2023;9:11.. doi:10.18332/tpc/159119
- Tobacco Tactics. Tobacco Company Investments in Pharmaceutical & NRT Products, Published August 30 2023. Accessed September 12, 2023. https://tobaccotactics.org/article/tobacco-company-investments-in-pharmaceutical-nrt-products/
- Burrows D. Strategic research report. Young adult smokers: strategies and opportunities, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, 1984. Bates No. 501431517. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ftc49d00
- Pisinger C, Godtfredsen N, Bender AM. A conflict of interest is strongly associated with tobacco industry–favourable results, indicating no harm of e-cigarettes. Preventive Medicine. 2019;119:124-131. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.011
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Vaping Devices (Electronic Cigarettes) DrugFacts. January 8, 2020 Accessed October 6, 2023. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/vaping-devices-electronic-cigarettes
- Chang H. Research gaps related to the environmental impacts of electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 2):ii54-ii58. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051480
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. E-cigarette, or vaping, products visual dictionary. Office on Smoking and Health (OSH). Updated September 4, 2023. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/pdfs/ecigarette-or-vaping-products-visual-dictionary-508.pdf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Surgeon General’s Advisory on E-cigarette Use Among Youth. Published December, 2018. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/surgeon-general-advisory/index.html
- Bracken-Clarke D, Kapoor D, Baird AM, et al. Vaping and lung cancer - A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer. 2021;153:11-20. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030
- Leventhal A, Cho J, Barrington-Trimis J, Pang R, Schiff S, Kirkpatrick M. Sensory attributes of e-cigarette flavours and nicotine as mediators of interproduct differences in appeal among young adults. Tob Control. 2020;29(6):679-686. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055172
- California State Legislature. Senate Bill No. 793. 2019-2020 Regular Session. Published August 28, 2020. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB793
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Know the Risks: E-cigarettes and young people. Office of the Surgeon General. Updated 2024. Accessed May 1, 2024. https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/knowtherisks.html
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Nicotine: Systemic Agent. Accessed March 8, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750028.html
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health. Published 1988. Accessed April 24, 2024. https://digirepo.nlm.nih.gov/ext/document/101584932X423/PDF/101584932X423.pdf
- American Lung Association. What’s in an e-cigarette? Updated May 31, 2023. Accessed May 1, 2024. https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/e-cigarettes-vaping/whats-in-an-e-cigarette
- Shi J, Xiong L, Guo J, Yang Y. The association between combustible/electronic cigarette use and stroke based on national health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):697. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15371-x
- Ndunda PM, Muutu TM. Abstract 9: Electronic Cigarette Use is Associated With a Higher Risk of Stroke. Stroke. 2019;50(Suppl_1). doi:10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.9
- Poisson SN, Glidden D, Johnston SC, Fullerton HJ. Deaths from stroke in US young adults, 1989-2009. Neurology. 2014;83(23):2110-2115. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001042
- Rutten-Jacobs LC, Arntz RM, Maaijwee NA, et al. Long-term mortality after stroke among adults aged 18 to 50 years. JAMA. 2013;309(11):1136-1144. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.842
- Sharma A, Gupta I, Venkatesh U, Singh AK, Golamari R, Arya P. E-cigarettes and myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2023;371:65-70. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.007.
- Glantz SA, Nguyen N, Oliveira da Silva AL. Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes. NEJM Evidence 2024; 3(3): DOI: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300229.
- Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, et al. Association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among never and current combustible-cigarette smokers. Am J Med. 2019;132(8):949-954.e2. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.02.016
- Osei, A.D., Mirbolouk, M., Orimoloye, O.A. et al. The association between e-cigarette use and asthma among never combustible cigarette smokers: behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) 2016 & 2017. BMC Pulm Med 19, 180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0950-3
- Bhatta DN, Glantz SA. Association of E-Cigarette Use With Respiratory Disease Among Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58(2):182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.028.
- Broderick S. What Does Vaping Do to Your Lungs? Johns Hopkins Medicine. Published October 15, 2021. Accessed August 22, 2023. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/what-does-vaping-do-to-your-lungs
- Traboulsi H, Cherian M, Abou Rjeili M, et al. Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 15;21(10):3495. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103495.
- Antwi GO, Rhodes DL. Association between E-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-asthmatic adults in the USA. J Public Health (Oxf). 2022;44(1):158-164. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa229.
- Fowles J, Barreau T, Wu N. Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Concerns from Metals in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(6):2146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062146
- Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(18):4525. Published 2023 Sep 12. doi:10.3390/cancers15184525 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10526315/
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Eaton DL, Kwan LY, Stratton K, et al., eds. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); January 23, 2018. DOI: 10.17226/24952
- Gotts JE, Jordt SE, McConnell R, Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes? BMJ. 2019;366:l5275. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5275.
- Auschwitz E, Almeda J, Andl CD. Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage. Cells. 2023;12(21):2552. doi: 10.3390/cells12212552.
- Tommasi S, Blumenfeld H, Besaratinia A. Vaping Dose, Device Type, and E-Liquid Flavor are Determinants of DNA Damage in Electronic Cigarette Users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(6):1145-1154. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad003.
- Shields PG, Berman M, Brasky TM, et al. A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(8):1175-1191. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0358
- Taylor A, Dunn K, Turfus S. A review of nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes-Trends in use, effects, contents, labelling accuracy and detection methods. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(2):242-260. doi: 10.1002/dta.2998.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults. Updated November 2, 2023. Accessed May 2, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html?s_cid=OSH_emg_GL0001.
- Goriounova NA, Mansvelder HD. Short- and long-term consequences of nicotine exposure during adolescence for prefrontal cortex neuronal network function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2(12):a012120. Published 2012 Dec 1. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012120.
- Abreu-Villaça Y, Seidler FJ, Tate CA, Slotkin TA. Nicotine is a neurotoxin in the adolescent brain: critical periods, patterns of exposure, regional selectivity, and dose thresholds for macromolecular alterations. Brain Res. 2003;979(1-2):114-128. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02885-3
- Levin, ED. Chapter Three – Neurotoxicology of nicotine and tobacco. Advances in Neurotoxicology. 2022;8 (93-103). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ant.2022.06.003
- Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. Nicotine modulation of fear memories and anxiety: Implications for learning and anxiety disorders. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015 ;97(4):498-511. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.029. doiI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.029
- Benowitz NL. Nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 17;362(24):2295-303. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0809890.
- Picciotto MR, Brunzell DH, Caldarone BJ. Effect of nicotine and nicotinic receptors on anxiety and depression. Neuroreport. 2002;13(9):1097-1106. doi:10.1097/00001756-200207020-00006
- Lechner WV, Janssen T, Kahler CW, Audrain-McGovern J, Leventhal AM. Bi-directional associations of electronic and combustible cigarette use onset patterns with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Prev Med. 2017;96:73-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.034.
- Etter JF, Ussher M, Hughes JR. A Test of Proposed New Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms. Addiction. 2012;108(1):50-59. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03981.
- Hughes JR. Effects of abstinence from tobacco: Valid symptoms and time course. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9(3):315-327. doi:10.1080/14622200701188919.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Vaping Devices (Electronic Cigarettes) Drugfacts. Published January 8, 2020. Accessed July 11, 2023. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/vaping-devices-electronic-cigarettes
- Patel U, Patel N, Khurana M, et al. Effect Comparison of E-Cigarette and Traditional Smoking and Association with Stroke—A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES. Neurol Int. 2022;14(2):441-452. doi:10.3390/neurolint14020037
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US); Office on Smoking and Health (US). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53017/
- Philip Morris International. Big and small businesses can solve big challenges together. Published January 21, 2020. Accessed August 29, 2023. https://www.pmi.com/our-initiatives/unsmoke-your-mind/big-and-small-businesses-can-solve-big-challenges-together.
- Phillip Morris International. Can innovative products like IQOS accelerate the decline of smoking? Accessed August 29, 2023. https://www.pmi.com/sustainability/case-studies-and-market-stories/can-innovative-products-like-iqos-accelerate-the-decline-of-smoking.
- Truth Initiative. Spinning a new tobacco industry: How Big Tobacco is trying to sell a do-gooder image and what Americans think about it. Published November 2019. Accessed April 10, 2024 https://truthinitiative.org/sites/default/files/media/files/2019/11/Tobacco%20Industry%20Interference%20Report_final111919.pdf
- Martínez Ú, Martínez-Loredo V, Simmons VN et al. How Does Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Change after Onset of Vaping? A Retrospective Analysis of Dual Users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;21;22(5):764-770.. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz043.
- https://www.pmi.com/sustainability/case-studies-and-market-stories/can-innovative-products-like-iqos-accelerate-the-decline-of-smoking.
- Dewhirst T. Co-optation of harm reduction by Big Tobacco. Tob Control. 2021;30(e1):e1-e3. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056059.
- Pisinger C, Rasmussen SKB. The Health Effects of Real-World Dual Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes versus the Health Effects of Exclusive Smoking of Conventional Cigarettes: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20):13687. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013687.
- Lindson N, Butler AR, McRobbie H, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2024 (1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8. Accessed January 2024.
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. AskCHIS 2022. Current e-cigarette use status. https://ask.chis.ucla.edu. Exported on March 22, 2024.
- Neuling H. Key state-specific tobacco-related data & rankings. Updated January 3, 2024. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/factsheets/0176.pdf
- Clodfelter R, Dutra LM, Bradfield B, Russell S, Levine B, von Jaglinsky A. Annual results report for the California Youth Tobacco Survey 2023. Berkeley, CA: RTI International. In press.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Disparities Related to Commercial Tobacco and Advancing Health Equity. Updated June 27, 2022. Accessed May 3, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/health-equity/index.htm
- CDC Foundation. (2023). Monitoring U.S. E-Cigarette Sales: National Trends Data Brief. Issue 26, September 2023. https://www.cdcfoundation.org/Issue33-MonthlyECigaretteSalesDataBrief_9.10.2023.pdf?inline.
- Statista. Dollar share of e-cigarette sales in the United States in 2022, by brand. Accessed May 3, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1097004/e-cigarette-market-share-us-by-brand/
- Tobacco Tactics. Influence Science. Published March 20, 2024. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://tobaccotactics.org/article/influencing-science/
- Brownell KD, Warner KE. The perils of ignoring history: Big Tobacco played dirty and millions died. How similar is Big Food?. Milbank Q. 2009;87(1):259-294. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00555.x.
- Apollonio D, Glantz SA. Tobacco Industry Research on Nicotine Replacement Therapy: "If Anyone Is Going to Take Away Our Business It Should Be Us". Am J Public Health. 2017;107(10):1636-1642. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303935.