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影響、操控及欺騙

為何電子煙無法安全替代吸煙

發佈於 May 31, 2024
Woman vaping

全球最致命的產業正試圖重新包裝自己,裝扮成你的知心好友,通過收購或投資電子煙公司及製藥公司,並開發下一代煙草產品使產品組合多樣化,把自己包裝成解決吸煙流行問題的救世主,而這個問題正是他們自己製造出來的。1234 他們的真正目的?就是保持人們對尼古丁上癮,並吸引年輕人成為「替代」顧客。5

由於煙草商的欺騙性行銷,讓許多和你一樣的加州人對電子煙產生眾多疑問。6 以下是一些最常見問題的解答。

什麼是電子煙裝置?

所謂的電子煙是一種電子裝置,可將稱為「電子煙液」的液體溶液加熱成可吸入的氣霧。7 這些裝置有各種形狀和尺寸,設計上大多數是在單次或短期使用後就被丟棄。有些電子煙產品則具有可更換的煙彈或預先填充電子煙液的煙倉彈。89

大多數電子煙的煙液含有危險物質,包括尼古丁、致癌化學物質及重金屬。1011 許多更含有孩子喜愛的口味,以掩蓋這種有害混合物的刺鼻味道。1012 2022年,加州人壓倒性地投票支持一項終結零售店販賣包括電子煙等口味煙草產品的法律。在加州,口味電子煙仍然可以在網上購買。13

電子煙富含有毒化學物質,可能有害身心:10

  • 尼古丁 – 一種極易上癮並會影響大腦發育的毒物。141516
  • 苯 – 一種致癌化學物質,常見於汽車廢氣中。14
  • 甲醛 – 一種致癌化學物質,大多數的膠水及油漆中都有。17
  • 丙烯醛 – 一種殺死雜草的除草劑,即使吸入低劑量也能刺激肺部。17

而且事情並未就此結束。請點擊此處了解更多有關每吸入一口煙,就會吸入鉛、鉻、鎘和鎳等重金屬所造成的影響。

從電子煙包含如此多有害物質的成分清單來看,電子煙顯然並不安全,會對使用這些產品的人構成嚴重的健康風險。10

電子煙對你的身體有何影響?

從你的大腦到心臟和肺部,電子煙可能會對你的健康造成嚴重傷害。讓我們從頭開始一一解析:

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你的大腦:尼古丁會永久性地重置連接大腦模式,使大腦更容易對其他物質上癮 – 這對於孩童和年輕成人來說更是如此。10 吸電子煙也會增加中風的風險。18 吸電子煙的人比吸香煙的人更容易在早年中風。中風倖存者早逝的風險明顯較高。192021

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你的心臟:電子煙會增加心臟病發作的風險。 根據一項涵蓋超過50萬人的四項研究綜述發現,電子煙使用者罹患心臟病的風險明顯高於不使用電子煙的人。222324

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你的肺部:吸電子煙會增加哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、肺氣腫、支氣管炎、類脂性肺炎的風險,並可能增加罹患肺癌的風險。1122252627282930313233343536

此外,電子煙可能會導致「爆米花肺」,引起慢性咳嗽、喘息、胸痛及呼吸短促。2737

吸電子煙對你的心理健康有何影響?

吸電子煙與挑戰心理健康有關,包括電子煙中的尼古丁會改變發育中大腦的化學成分。38 尼古丁是一種神經毒素。394041 根據研究顯示,吸食含有尼古丁的電子煙會加重焦慮不安症狀及抑鬱情緒。42434445 吸食含有尼古丁的電子煙也會增加情緒起伏及暴躁易怒,並與學習困難更加嚴重有關。10144647

電子煙是吸煙的安全替代品嗎?

不是,電子煙並非香煙的安全替代品。電子煙是既危險又會令人上癮的裝置,用於吸入霧化尼古丁、調味劑及有毒化學物質,包括重金屬如鉛、揮發性有機化合物和致癌劑。1048 吸電子煙會增加中風等嚴重疾病的風險,還可能增加罹患肺癌的風險。113031323334353649 事實上,吸煙沒有安全的替代品,因為根本不存在所謂安全的煙草產品。50

電子煙是有效的戒煙工具嗎?

不是。關於使用電子煙戒煙的證據至多是參半。電子煙是煙草商為賺取利最大利潤而販售的消費品,515253 並非是幫助大眾戒煙的藥品。234 雖然美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)確實有一份經過批准的戒煙裝置及藥物清單(英文網頁),以幫助煙草使用者戒煙,但截至目前為止,電子煙產品尚未獲得批准或授權作為戒煙裝置。無論煙草商如何重新裝扮自己,他們其實對於幫助大眾戒煙不感興趣。他們只對於保護自己的利潤感興趣。

許多人使用電子煙來幫助戒煙,但最終會同時使用兩種產品,這種情況被稱為「雙重使用」。545556 根據研究顯示,雙重使用香煙及電子煙比單獨使用其中一種產品危害更大。57

雖然有一些證據顯示,在嚴格的臨床戒煙規範下使用電子煙,可能幫助人們在戒煙方面有些小成就,但現實情況是,當人們將電子煙作為消費產品使用時,每一百位吸煙者中只有四位能真正停止吸煙。58

在加州誰吸電子煙?

在加州的所有年齡層中,年輕人(18至25歲)吸電子煙最為常見,使用率為12%。59 這個族群的電子煙使用率較其他年齡層的人都要高,其實毫不令人驚訝。因為當他們在國中和高中時期,正值青少年電子煙大流行的高峰期,當時煙草商針對兒童市場推出的電子煙,不論看起來、嘗起來、聞起來都像是水果糖10 值得慶幸的是,加州人在2022年投票決定停止販售口味煙草產品,雖然這些危險又令人上癮的口味電子煙產品無法再在商店出售,但從小就被掠奪性營銷策略吸引的這一代年輕人,直至今日仍然深受影響。1013

雖然加州青少年的吸電子煙率為全美最低,但電子煙仍是高中生使用最多的產品,占5.9%,相比之下,香煙的使用率為1.2%,而尼古丁口含煙袋,如Zyn的使用率則占1.1%。61

此外,煙草商利用種族主義和歧視體制(英文網頁),對於那些受創的邊緣化族群進行剝削,並從中牟取暴利,因此造成與整體人口相比更高的使用率和疾病率。加州的電子煙使用率在LGBTQ+族群、有色人種族群及面臨心理健康挑戰的人群中較高。59 因此,與整體人口相比,這些社區不但使用率更高,而且與煙草相關疾病的發生率也更高。62

誰在背後經營電子煙公司?

在2023年9月最暢銷的五個品牌Vuse、Juul、Breeze Smoke、Elfbar及NJOY中,其中三個品牌為煙草商所擁有或獲得煙草商的大筆投資。其中Vuse是由R.J.雷諾煙草公司(R.J. Reynoldss)擁有,NJOY被奧馳亞(Altria)收購,而奧馳亞(Altria)先前持有Juul, Inc的少數股權直至2022年底。值得注意的是,Vuse、Juul及NJOY共同佔據了2022年電子煙市場總量的72%。64

煙草商是否資助研究來支持他們對於電子煙的主張?

煙草商資助自己的研究是他們長期以來最老套的伎倆之一。65 他們至今仍在積極採用這種欺詐手段

終結煙草危害

電子煙是煙草商以欺騙、令人上癮及延長利潤的計劃核心。6667 幫助加州人戒除電子煙正會讓我們距離終結煙草商所製造的流行病更近一步。

終結煙草商危害的最佳方法,就是幫助上癮者戒煙並預防大眾上癮。歡迎瀏覽能為成年人提供戒煙協助的ASQ華語戒煙專線》網站。請查看我們的指南,以獲得幫助年輕人戒除電子煙和其他煙草產品的要點,內容包括青少年和年輕成人現有戒除煙草資源的完整清單,以及如何獲得這些服務的信息。

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按主題探索

煙草商目前耗資數十億美元在狡詐的營銷策略及政治影響力上,即使造成死亡與疾病也要獲利。
了解詳情
即使對於不使用煙草的人,也可能產生致命的後果。
了解詳情
煙草商稱孩子們為「替代客戶」, 而大煙草商更判處他們終生成癮與疾病。
了解詳情
具有種族主義的煙草商,策略性地以特定社區為目標,提供致命的產品及操控性的信息。
了解詳情
有毒煙草廢棄物及塑料污染所帶來的環境破壞與健康風險,無人能免受其害。
了解詳情
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追究煙草商責任

加州已在保護大眾避免受到其他有害產品的侵害,現在正是該以同樣標準對待煙草商的時候!