立即戒煙
死亡與疾病

加州何時已開始禁止室內吸煙?

發佈於 Apr 21, 2022
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加州在保護工作族群避免二手煙及電子二手煙危害方面引領全美

每個人都有權利在沒有二手煙危害的工作環境中工作。雖然現在看來這是個理所當然的觀念,但在1995年卻是相當革命性的,當時加州成為全美在包括公共建築、室內公共空間和餐廳等幾乎所有工作場所全面禁止吸煙的第一個州。1

三年後,這項禁煙令進一步擴展至酒吧、酒館及娛樂俱樂部。2 隨著這項法規的加入,全州大部分的室內工作場所都受到二手煙防護政策的保護。

在2016年,加州進一步擴大禁止在室內工作場所使用的煙草產品範圍,將電子煙及大麻也列入其中。34 2024年1月,有一項法律更新,要求加州所有酒店及汽車旅館的房間必須百分之百無煙,這正是保護員工及顧客的另一項巨大勝利。5

如今,加州室內清淨空氣保護法(英文版本)的規定堪稱全美最嚴格之一,6 有效消除工作場所中大部分的暴露於二手煙中之風險,讓員工和顧客都能在更安全的環境中工作及消費。

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「如果沒有人站出來,那麼這就是你的責任。」

ANDREA
聖地牙哥,加州

當Andrea在洛杉磯辦公室因吸入二手煙而生病,她隨即提起攻擊與傷害的訴訟,因而創造歷史。了解更多詳情

為何煙草商不想要有清淨空氣法?

煙草商對抗二手煙政策的虛假宣傳活動,多集中在這些禁煙法規會損害商業利益上,但研究一再證明這些說法只不過是無稽之談。78 事實上,一項針對加州無煙餐廳和酒吧法的研究顯示,在無煙法通過後,這些場所的營收實際上有所增加9

多年來,煙草業持續抵制無煙法,因為他們明白,無煙環境會促使吸煙者戒煙,並阻止年輕人開始吸煙,這最終會損害到他們的經濟利益。1011

加州人希望建立無煙草社區

煙草業不想讓你知道的是,大眾對於酒吧、餐廳、工作場所及其他公共場所的無煙限制廣泛接受,而且隨著這些法律的通過,支持度只會持續上升。1213 事實上,超過80%的加州成年人認為餐廳的戶外用餐區應該禁止吸煙。14 將近70%的加州成年人相信,公寓應全面禁止吸煙及吸電子煙。15 而有65%的加州成年人認為,所有公共場所都應該禁止吸煙。16

暴露於二手煙中沒有所謂的安全程度

美國公共衛生局長指出,暴露於二手煙中沒有所謂的安全程度。17 儘管加州在這方面已有顯著進展,仍有許多人受到二手煙的影響。根據2023年的數據,超過一半的加州成年人表示在過去兩週內曾接觸過二手煙。18 在該群體中,有26%的人表示是在工作場所暴露於二手煙之中。19

這種持續暴露於二手煙之中的原因,部分是源於法律上的漏洞,允許在某些場所和情況下吸煙,包括:20

  • 戶外用餐,如餐廳的露台。雖然餐廳可以選擇禁止在戶外座位區吸煙,但並沒有州法要求這麼做。
  • 戶外工作場所,如農業及工業工地、建築行業等。21
  • 設有指定病人吸煙區的長期健康照護機構。

我們可以共同努力,將加州人對無煙限制的支持轉化為能讓每個人受益的現實。了解更多有關加州清淨空氣法(英文版本)的信息,並幫助消除對每個人都有害的二手煙與電子煙的接觸暴露。

你或你的至親至愛是否正接觸並暴露於有毒的二手煙或電子煙之中?請在此找到要訣及資源

  1. Ca. Lab. Code § 6404.5. Accessed September 17, 2024. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=6404.5
  2. California Air Resources Board. California Tobacco Laws that Reduce ETS Exposure. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/environmental-tobacco-smoke/california-tobacco-laws-reduce-ets-exposure
  3. Electronic cigarettes 2016. California State Bill 5. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520162SB5
  4. Proposition 64: The Adult Use of Marijuana Act. www.courts.ca.gov. https://www.courts.ca.gov/prop64.htm
  5. Smoking tobacco in the workplace: transient lodging establishments 2023. California State Bill 626. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB626/id/2840444
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STATE system smokefree indoor fact sheet. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/sfia/SmokeFreeIndoorAir.html
  7. U.S. National Cancer Institute and World Health Organization. The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control. National Cancer Institute Tobacco Control Monograph 21. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; and Geneva, CH: World Health Organization. Published 2016. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/monograph-21
  8. Warner K. The economics of tobacco: myths and realities. Tob Control. 2000;9(1):78-89. doi:10.1136/tc.9.1.78
  9. Cowling DW, Bond P. Smoke-free laws and bar revenues in California--the last call. Health Econ. 2005;14(12):1273-1281. doi:10.1002/hec.1016
  10. Fichtenberg CM, Glantz SA. Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):188. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7357.188
  11. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2014. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK179276/
  12. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Voters across the country express strong support for smoke-free laws. Published April, 2019. Accessed September 16, 2024. https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/factsheets/0290.pdf
  13. Boderie NW, Sheikh A, Lo E, et al. Public support for smoke-free policies in outdoor areas and (semi-)private places: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;59:101982. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101982
  14. California Tobacco Prevention Program. Key Findings from the 2023 Online California Adult Tobacco Survey. California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health; January 29, 2024. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/Reports/KeyFindingsOnlineCATS2023.pdf
  15. California Tobacco Prevention Program. Key Findings from the 2023 Online California Adult Tobacco Survey. California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health; January 29, 2024. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/Reports/KeyFindingsOnlineCATS2023.pdf
  16. California Tobacco Prevention Program. California Tobacco Facts and Figures 2022. California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health; May 2023. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/FactsandFigures/CaliforniaTobaccoFactsAndFigures2022.pdf
  17. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. (2006). The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44324/
  18. California Tobacco Prevention Program. Key Findings from the 2023 Online California Adult Tobacco Survey. California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health; January 29, 2024. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/Reports/KeyFindingsOnlineCATS2023.pdf
  19. California Tobacco Prevention Program. Key Findings from the 2023 Online California Adult Tobacco Survey. California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health; January 29, 2024. Accessed September 15, 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/Reports/KeyFindingsOnlineCATS2023.pdf
  20. California Department of Public Health (CDPH). California Clean Indoor Air Laws: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 2024. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Policy/SecondhandSmoke/CaliforniaCleanIndoorAirLawFAQ.pdf
  21. Su C, Syamlal G, Tamers S, Li J, Luckhaupt SE. Workplace Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among U.S. Nonsmoking Workers, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6827a2

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煙草商目前耗資數十億美元在狡詐的營銷策略及政治影響力上,即使造成死亡與疾病也要獲利。
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即使對於不使用煙草的人,也可能產生致命的後果。
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煙草商稱孩子們為「替代客戶」, 而大煙草商更判處他們終生成癮與疾病。
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具有種族主義的煙草商,策略性地以特定社區為目標,提供致命的產品及操控性的信息。
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有毒煙草廢棄物及塑料污染所帶來的環境破壞與健康風險,無人能免受其害。
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追究煙草商責任

加州已在保護大眾避免受到其他有害產品的侵害,現在正是該以同樣標準對待煙草商的時候!